He is a graduate in social psychology. [174], Most Black Britons can be found in the large cities and metropolitan areas of the country. [255][256][257], The British Ethnic Diversity Sports Awards (BEDSA) were launched in 2016, celebrating the contribution of and achievements of ethnic minority sportspeople and have included awards presented to cricketer Jofra Archer and athlete Christine Ohuruogu. Yes, Africans do have last names. [239], Black people, who according to government statistics[240] make up 2 per cent of the population, are the principal suspects in 11.7 per cent of murders, i.e. These are the 10 most common African American surnames according to the 2000 census: Williams: Williams is a patronymic of English origin of someone with a forebear named William. [86][87] As a result, Liverpool is home to Britain's oldest black community, dating at least to the 1730s. African-born immigrants speak African languages and French as well as English. The 2011 census found that 1.85 million of a total Black population of 1.9 million lived in England, with 1.09 million of those in London, where they made up 13.3 per cent of the population, compared to 3.5 per cent of England's population and 3 per cent of the UK's population. His early achievements winning a world junior record for the 100 meters in 1997, as the youngest medal winner in the 1999 world championships, and fourth place at the 2000 Olympics were marred by a later scandal over the use of performance-enhancing drugs, like Christie before him. Akers - arable land. Eddie Parris, Danny Gabbidon, Nathan Blake and Ashley Williams have played for Wales. [118][95] Those black Londoners who were unpaid servants were in effect slaves in anything but name. He is also the host of the long-running BBC quiz shows Mastermind and Celebrity Mastermind. By 1795, Liverpool had 62.5 per cent of the European Slave Trade. [250], A number of awards and honours exist to recognise talent and influence of the Black British community. [20] In all of the UK censuses, persons with multiple familial ancestries can write in their respective ethnicities under a "Mixed or multiple ethnic groups" option, which includes additional "White and Black Caribbean" or "White and Black African" tick boxes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. His plaque and gravestone still stand to this day. Allard. Last Names Inspired by Creativity & Artistry. 6,540 individuals also self-reported as "Caribbean or Black", selecting either the "Caribbean, Caribbean Scottish or Caribbean British" tick box, the "Black, Black Scottish or Black British" tick box, or the "Other Caribbean or Black" tick box and write-in area. [177], The 1980 St. Pauls riot in Bristol saw fighting between local youths and police officers, resulting in numerous minor injuries, damage to property and arrests. In cricket, many have represented England: Mark Alleyne, Jofra Archer, Mark Butcher, Michael Carberry, Norman Cowans, Phillip DeFreitas, Dean Headley, Chris Jordan, David Lawrence, Chris Lewis, Devon Malcolm, Gladstone Small, and Alex Tudor to name a few. 7. [127] The following year, in 1787, encouraged by the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor, about 400[128] black Londoners were aided in emigrating to Sierra Leone in West Africa, founding the first British colony on the continent. By 1981, the black population in the United Kingdom was estimated at 1.2% of all countries of birth, being 0.8% Black-Caribbean, 0.3% Black-Other, and 0.1% Black-African residents.[170]. Adam means 'man' or 'son of Adam' in Hebrew'. [158] They were part of the social dislocation after the war as societies struggled to integrate veterans into the work forces again, and groups competed for jobs and housing. in 252 out of 2163 murders committed 2001/2, 2002/3, and 2003/4. [175] The street battles themselves (involving more stone-throwing, the discharge of one firearm, and several fires) led to two fatalities (in the Broadwater Farm riot) and Brixton. Do African People Have Last Names? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [95][111] The black population was estimated at around 10,000 in London, making black people approximately 1% of the overall London population. Blackamoores: Africans in Tudor England, their Presence, Status and Origins is his latest book, published by Narrative Eye[292] in 2013, in which he proves that Black people in Tudor England had free status and were not slaves. He was awarded the medal for service in Iraq in 2004. Hamilton (Middle English origin) means "village of Hamilton". [231], A 2014 study by the Black Training and Enterprise Group (BTEG), funded by Trust for London, explored the views of young Black males in London on why their demographic have a higher unemployment rate than any other group of young people, finding that many young Black men in London believe that racism and negative stereotyping are the main reasons for their high unemployment rate. However, black African slaves continued to be bought and sold in England during the eighteenth century. Find out where in the world your surname originated, what it originally meant and how many other people you share it with. An English South African Surname. [118] Abolition of slavery in 1833, effectively ended the period of small-scale black immigration to London and Britain. English Surnames. The MOBO Awards, was the first awards ceremony that celebrates the achievements in music of black origin in 2006. [211] Pride Magazine, published since 1991, is the largest monthly magazine that targets black British, mixed-race, African and African-Caribbean women in the United Kingdom. [95][96], Black people lived among whites in London in areas of Mile End, Stepney, Paddington, and St Giles. There are no last names of Jones/Smith/Roberts/Williams etc, in Africa where our ancestors come from. [165] After World War II, the largest influx of Black people occurred, mostly from the British West Indies. The report found that black businesses made up 4% of all London's businesses, provided over 70,000 jobs and had a total turnover of almost 4.5 billion. Other surnames were formed from a person's job or trade. "X" became the chosen surname of many black nationalists who rejected their slave names. In 1999, following the Macpherson Inquiry into the 1993 killing of Stephen Lawrence, Sir Paul Condon, commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, accepted that his organisation was institutionally racist. He married local woman Margaret Gruffydd in 1768 and their descendants still live in the area. During the 1970s, police forces across England increasingly began to use the Sus law, provoking a sense that young black men were being discriminated against by the police[176] The next newsworthy outbreak of street fighting occurred in 1976 at the Notting Hill Carnival when several hundred police officers and youths became involved in televised fights and scuffles, with stones thrown at police, baton charges and a number of minor injuries and arrests. ", "The decline of racial prejudice in Britain", "Assessment for Afro-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom", "Knife deaths among black people 'should cause more outrage, "Police: Are black knife deaths being ignored? ), Chapter 9, tables 9.1 9.4, of Home Office publication, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor, Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books, Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster, George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven, Nadejda Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven, David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale, Category:Black British television personalities, Officer of the Order of the British Empire, list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005, Crime Writers Associations John Creasey Dagger, Blackamoores: Africans in Tudor England, their Presence, Status and Origins. Anderson. [167] The increasing consciousness of Black British peoples was deeply informed by the influx of Black American culture imported by Black servicemen during and after World War II, music being a central example of what Jacqueline Nassy-Brown calls "diasporic resources". 2. Unpublished Master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. Originating in England, it means "son of Robin". Mixed race Dido Elizabeth Belle who was born a slave in the Caribbean moved to Britain with her white father in the 1760s. Abdullahi A variation of the Arabic personal name Abdullah, this last name means 'the servant of God'. [2] In order to compare UK-wide results, the Office for National Statistics combined the "African" and "Caribbean or Black" entries at the top-level,[3] and reported a total of 36,178 "Black" residents in Scotland. Gray (Scottish origin) means "people having grey hair". [198] More specifically, for Black Africans the highest local authority was Southwark (16.4 per cent) followed by Barking and Dagenham (15.4 per cent) and Greenwich (13.8 per cent), whereas for Black Caribbeans the highest was Lewisham (11.2 per cent) followed by Lambeth (9.5 per cent) and Croydon (8.6%). While visiting the English court, Casper Van Senden, a German merchant from Lbeck, requested the permission to transport "Blackamoores" living in England to Portugal or Spain, presumably to sell them there. Sir Damon Buffini heads Permira, one of the world's largest private equity firms. [274] The film received critical acclaim and is considered an important landmark in UK cinema. For example, Southall Black Sisters was established in 1979 "to meet the needs of black (Afro-Caribbean and African) women" as well as to support the needs of Asian women. Alheri is a Hausa name, meaning "grace.". Numerous deaths in police custody of black men has generated a general distrust of police among urban blacks in the UK. His memoir about his life entitled The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. This American surname originates from Native American ancestors and means 'defender of the men'. [53][54] Francis was born on an island off the coast of Guinea, likely Arguin Island, off the coast of Mauritania. [49] Slaver John Hawkins arrived in London with 300 captives from West Africa. Well-known black Britons living before the 20th century include the Chartist William Cuffay; William Davidson, who was executed as a Cato Street conspirator; Olaudah Equiano (also called Gustavus Vassa), a former slave who bought his freedom, moved to England, and settled in Soham, Cambridgeshire, where he married and wrote an autobiography, dying in 1797; Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, pioneer of the slave narrative; and Ignatius Sancho, a grocer who also acquired a reputation as a man of letters. 4. [311], Jacky Wright is chief digital officer and a corporate vice president at Microsoft US. [163], Learie Constantine, a West Indian cricketer, was a welfare officer with the Ministry of Labour when he was refused service at a London hotel. [264][265][266][267] Other mixed-race descendants of British nobles include the philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah (who is the great-grandson of Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor),[268] the actor Adetomiwa Edun (who is the aforementioned Lord Parmoor's great-great-grandson),[269] the writer James Forman Jr. (who is the great-grandson of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale),[270] and the models Adwoa and Kesewa Aboah (who are the great-granddaughters of Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther).[271]. The MAR profile on African-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom notes "growing 'black on black' violence between people from the Caribbean and immigrants from Africa". These communities flourished in port cities strongly involved in the slave trade, such as Liverpool[85] and Bristol. [121] Ignatius Sancho, black writer, composer, shopkeeper and voter in Westminster wrote, that despite being in Britain since the age of two he felt he was "only a lodger, and hardly that. These close interactions between Americans and Black British were not only material but also inspired the expatriation of some Black British women to America after marrying servicemen (some of whom later repatriated to the UK). Woods residing in Meigs County in . From 1641 to 1652, over 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and another 300,000 were sold as slaves. ", "Coronavirus: Why some racial groups are more vulnerable", "Campaigner launches fundraiser to support BAME communities affected by coronavirus", "Ethnic group, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics", "Table KS201UK Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom", "2011 Census: British Africans now dominant black group", "Table KS201EW Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales", "Table DC2101NI Ethnic group by age by sex", "Ethnic minorities: Into the melting pot", "Black Lives In Music initiative launches to fight racism", "Black Lives In Music survey highlights systemic and institutionalised industry racism", "Black Lives in Music Celebrate Their Second Year Anniversary", "UK music industry to implement anti-racism code of conduct from 2023", "Black History Month 2016 Official Black History Month", "Raising the Visibility of Black British Publishers", "Black Women in the UK Publishing Industry", "Quiet resistance: Black women in British publishing in the 1970s and 1980s, by Preeti Dhillon", "Mainstreaming and greater choice of books", "A short history of Black British Publishing | The Roots of Independent Black British Publishing", "Migration, Racism and Identity: The Caribbean Experience in Britain", "Is racial prejudice declining in Britain? However, the report did concede that things were slowly improving. Marsha Ambrosius, Joan Armatrading, Pato Banton, Dame Shirley Bassey, Mel B, Alexandra Burke, Celeste, Diane Charlemagne, Taio Cruz, Craig David, Des'ree, Fleur East, Estelle, Gabrielle, Roland Gift, Jaki Graham, David Grant, Eddy Grant, Pauline Henry, Dev Hynes, Jamelia, KSI, Leona Lewis, Shaznay Lewis, Mahalia, Ella Mai, MNEK, Maxine Nightingale, Billy Ocean, Mica Paris, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Maxi Priest, Corinne Bailey Rae, Andrew Roachford, Sade, Emeli Sande, Seal, Skepta, Heather Small, Jorja Smith, 21 Savage, Digga D, Benji Webbe, Simon Webbe, Caron Wheeler, and Young MC are among the popular singers not mentioned in the music section above. [316] Valerie Amos became the first black woman cabinet minister and the first black woman to become leader of the House of Lords. Rounding out the Top 40, here are the next 30 most common names among African-Americans and Caribbean people: Taylor (Jayceon Terrel Taylor "The Game") Wilson (Charlie Wilson) Moore (Shemar Moore) : +44 7949 777131 E-Mail Address: jkotzee1978@gmail.com Passport Number: A04267593 Date of birth: 24 February 1978 Gender: Male Marital Status: Engaged >Driver's License: Yes<br>Own vehicle: Yes <br>Nationality: South African<br>Eligible to work: Yes / Biometric . Forebears knows about 6,039,771 unique surnames in Africa and there are 193 people per name. The fourth most common African last name is Ibrahim with 6,404,769 incidences. Mo Farah, his ten global championship gold medals (four Olympic and six World titles) make him the most successful male track distance runner ever, and he is the most successful British track athlete in modern Olympic Games history. [242] In November 2009, the Home Office published a study that showed that, once other variables had been accounted for, ethnicity was not a significant predictor of offending, anti-social behaviour or drug abuse among young people. Jungle, dubstep, drum and bass, UK garage and grime music originated in London. According to the Augustan History, North African Roman emperor Septimus Severus supposedly visited Hadrian's Wall in 210 AD. Blackamoores was runner-up in the 2013/14 People's Book Prize. [27][28][29] Her sarcophagus was made of stone and also contained a jet bracelet and an ivory bangle, indicating great wealth for the time. [55][56][57] He worked as a diver for Pietro Paulo Corsi in his salvage operations on the sunken St Mary and St Edward of Southampton and other ships, such as the Mary Rose, which had sunk in Portsmouth Harbour. Afrikaans surnames can be Dutch (van der Merwe), German (Kruger), French (Du Toit), locally forged from Dutch etymology (Snyman, Olifant, September) or many others (Ferriera - Portuguese, Murray - Scottish, Dickenson - English) or denoting a place of origin for an ancestor without a traditional surname (van Malabar, van Bengale, Afrika, van de [ more] Pienaar Afrikaans Afrikaans form of French Pinard. [238] According to the Office for National Statistics, 18.4% of homicide suspects in England and Wales over March 2019 - March 2021 were Black. [293], Norwell Roberts was one of the first black police officers to join the Metropolitan Police in 1967, eventually rising to the rank of Detective Sergeant. [126], With the support of other Britons, these activists demanded that Blacks be freed from slavery. "[102], John Ystumllyn (c. 1738 - 1786) was the first well-recorded black person of North Wales. 31. Many major Black British publications are handled through Diverse Media Group,[214] which specialises in helping organisations reach Britain's Black and minority ethnic community through the main media they consume. This old French surname has Germanic origin and means 'noble'. London School of Economics and Political Science, Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year awards, "2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom", "Table KS201SC Ethnic group: All people", "Ethnic group: By religion, April 2011, Great Britain", "Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race: For reflection and debate", "Southall Black Sisters Home Southall Black Sisters", "Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race: for reflection and debate", "Jatinder Verma on why he set up the UK's first Asian theatre group, Tara Arts", "The term Black and Asian a Short History", "Scotland's New Official Ethnicity Classification", Exhibitions & Learning online | Black presence | Work and community, "Evidence of 'upper class' Africans living in Roman York", "HISTORIA AUGUSTA, 10. It means 'son of Adam'. Green (Scottish origin) "grene or the color Green". Many of those involved in British colonial activities, such as ship's captains, colonial officials, merchants, slave traders and plantation owners brought black slaves as servants back to Britain with them. 26-33. 4. There are many notable black British footballers, some of whom have played for England, including Marcus Rashford, Paul Ince, Sol Campbell, John Barnes, Dion Dublin, Rio Ferdinand, Viv Anderson, Des Walker, Ashley Cole, Ian Wright, Daniel Sturridge, Daniel Welbeck, Joe Gomez, Micah Richards, Bukayo Saka, Raheem Sterling, Jesse Lingard, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Danny Rose, Ryan Bertrand, Kyle Walker, Dele Alli and David James. The MOBO Awards recognise performers of "Music of Black Origin". The haplogroup is thought to have been brought to Britain either through enlisted soldiers during Roman Britain, or much later via the modern slave trade. ", "memoirs read before the anthropological society of london p52", "James McCune Smith: new discovery reveals how first African-American doctor fought for women's rights in Glasgow", "Narrow-majority and Bow-and-agree: Public Attitudes Towards the Elections of the First Asian MPs in Britain, Dadabhai Naoroji and Mancherjee Merwanjee Bhownaggree, 18851906", "The officer who refused to lie about being black", "Football pioneer and war hero Walter Tull may be honoured at last", "The demographic characteristics of immigrant populations", "Britain's visible minorities: a demographic overview", "A Portrait of England: SS Empire Windrush", "1981: country of birth compared to ETHNIC9", "Ethnicity and Education: The Evidence on Minority Ethnic Pupils aged 516", "Population size: 7.9% from a minority ethnic group", "British public 'are more prejudiced against minorities after riots', "UK riots: Vigilantes clash with 1,000 riot police in Eltham", "Sir Ian Botham: bring in corporal punishment and ban reality TV to save today's youth", "Gangs Had No 'Pivotal Role' In English Riots", "UK government urged to investigate coronavirus deaths of BAME doctors", "BAME groups hit harder by Covid-19 than white people, UK study suggests", "Is Britain's minority community disproportionately affected by the coronavirus? A craniometric study of 22 individuals from Southwark, Roman London, found that four of them appeared to be of likely African ancestry, and isotopic analysis of their bones suggested childhoods spent in a climate warmer than Roman Britain. Much of this change in attitudes happened in the 1990s. These are NOT, inherently, African names! It is among the most common African last names. The black population constituted around 0.1% of the total population of Britain in 1780. Sandy English (African) Tannor English (African) Miller. In 1847 Liberia declared independence from the ACS and became a nation. [3] Due to the Indian diaspora and in particular Idi Amin's expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972, many British Asians are from families that had previously lived for several generations in the British West Indies or the Comoros. In Formula 1, the highest rank of motorsport sanctioned by the FIA, Sir Lewis Hamilton from Stevenage is a seven-time champion, having won the championship in 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. This figure included 499,964 people in the Black-Caribbean category (0.9%), 212,362 in the Black-African category (0.4%) and 178,401 in the Black-Other category (0.3%). The black community in Britain has a number of significant publications. Some members of the Black British community were involved in the 2001 Harehills race riot and 2005 Birmingham race riots. [99] By 2001, the Black British population was recorded at 1,148,738 (2.0%) in the 2001 census.[174]. He was defeated, leading the leader of the Conservative Party, Lord Salisbury to remark that "however great the progress of mankind has been, and however far we have advanced in overcoming prejudices, I doubt if we have yet got to the point of view where a British constituency would elect a Blackman". Though, there were some exceptions, black and Chinese seamen began putting down the roots of small communities in British ports, not least because they were abandoned there by their employers.[137]. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). There's just over half a million people who share this last name with 529,821. In the same year, a party for black men and women in a Fleet Street pub was sufficiently unusual to be written about in the newspapers. Colonial soldiers and sailors of Afro-Caribbean descent served in the United Kingdom during the First World War and some settled in British cities. [287][288] At the 2020 British Book Awards, Candice Carty-Williams became the first Black woman to win the "Book of the Year" accolade, for her novel Queenie. Others went with Washington, Williams, Brown or Johnson surnames typical before enslavement that remain ubiquitous today. [241] Judging on the basis of prison population, a substantial minority (about 35%) of black criminals in the United Kingdom are not British citizens but foreign nationals. "Liverpool's Black Population During World WarII". Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (18751912) achieved great success as a composer at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. At that time, there were also small groups of students from Africa and the Caribbean migrating into London. [224][225], Racism in Britain in general, including against black people, is considered to have declined over time. In 1787, hundreds of London's black poor (a category that included the East Indian seamen known as lascars) agreed to go to this West African colony on the condition that they would retain the status of British subjects, live in freedom under the protection of the British Crown, and be defended by the Royal Navy. Abara A spiritual name, Abara is a Nigerian last name with Igbo roots. In the 1930s, ex-slave Martin Jackson . Here are some of the most common Black last names in the United States: Smith Johnson Williams Brown Washington Jones Davis Miller Wilson Anderson Jackson Thomas Terminology. Despite the recommendations of the Scarman Report (published in November 1981),[175] relations between black youths and police did not significantly improve and a further wave of nationwide conflicts occurred in Handsworth, Birmingham, in 1985, when the local South Asian community also became involved. He was knighted in 2003, and in 2006 he took a seat in the House of Lords as a working life peer, Baron Morris of Handsworth. Turi King, a co-author on the study, noted the most probable "guess" was the West African slave trade. Rachael Pringle-Polgreen, a legendary late 18th-century tavern owner who had been born a slave, rejected the name of her biological white father, who her when she was a child and who mistreated her, and took the last names of two white benefactors-lovers, one of whom had been a British naval officer." -snip-. Lord Chief Justice William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield concluded that Somerset could not be forced to leave England against his will. "[47] In the period of the war with Spain, between 1588 and 1604, there was an increase in the number of people reaching England from Spanish colonial expeditions in parts of Africa. Thirty years after his 1871 death, the chaplain of the Showman's Guild said: "In the great brotherhood of the equestrian world there is no colour line [bar], for, although Pablo Fanque was of African extraction, he speedily made his way to the top of his profession. [286] Mitchell's 2019 psychological thriller, Spare Room, became a critically acclaimed international best seller and she was honoured with an MBE for services to literature. [181] Racial tensions between blacks and Asians in Birmingham increased after the deaths of three Asian men at the hands of a black youth. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". He became the first black billionaire to enter the Sunday Times Rich List in 2021. The "Ethiope" is written to have said: "You have been all things, you have conquered all things, now, O conqueror, be a god. 3. [37], In 2013,[38][39] a skeleton was discovered in Fairford, Gloucestershire, which forensic anthropology revealed to be that of a Sub-Saharan African woman. [243], After several high-profile investigations such as that of the murder of Stephen Lawrence, the police have been accused of racism, from both within and outside the service. These special surnames will inspire anyone to go forth and create something amazing. [176] Following the police shooting of a black grandmother Cherry Groce in Brixton, and the death of Cynthia Jarrett during a raid on her home in Tottenham, in north London, protests held at the local police stations did not end peacefully and further street battles with the police erupted,[175] the disturbances later spreading to Manchester's Moss Side. [192] Statistics did show that black people were significantly over-represented, but that as the pandemic progressed the disparity in these figures was reducing. A name ending in -man or -er usually implies such a trade name, as in Chapman (shopkeeper), Barker (tanner) and Fiddler. [3] The General Register Office for Scotland, which devised the categories and administers the Scotland census, does not combine the "African" and "Caribbean or Black" entries, maintaining them as separate for individuals who do not self-identify as "Black" (see census classification). Amor - Love. Guillaume - the last name of the prince of Luxembourg. "[65] Archival evidence shows records of more than 360 African people between 1500 to 1640 in England and Scotland. 15. [85] Early black settlers in the city included seamen, the mixed-race children of traders sent to be educated in England, servants, and freed slaves. We also found 42-year-old Samuel O. [99] Around the 1750s, London became the home to many Blacks, as well as Jews, Irish, Germans and Huguenots. [152] Black residents had for the most part emigrated from parts of the British Empire. However, Mansfield was at pains to point out that his ruling did not comment on the legality of slavery itself. [21] They are generally the descendants of black people who lived in England in the 18th century and freed Black American slaves who fought for the Crown in the American Revolutionary War (see also Black Loyalists). He later reiterated: "The determinations go no further than that the master cannot by force compel him to go out of the kingdom. 1011. Their descendants are known as Americo-Liberians, a heritage that you say you share. [195], According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, those identifying as Black British in England & Wales enumerated 2,409,278, or 4.0% of the population[196][197], The 2011 UK Census recorded 1,904,684 residents who identified as "Black/African/Caribbean/Black British", accounting for 3 per cent of the total UK population. Roberts was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for distinguished service in 1996 and retired from duty in 1997. ", "Met police officers recognised in Queen's New Year Honours", "Black army officers recruited to help stop gang violence", "Pilots of the Caribbean The Sword of Honour", "Lennox Lewis: One of the greatest ever Boxing News 24", "Will Lewis Hamilton's success inspire young black Britons? Of significant publications it originally meant and how many other people you share killed by the English another. 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