Luncheon was at one oclock, dinner at eight, and the rosary was said in the chapel at five. The imperial collection was broken up, and the house became a school; it has since been much extended. Few could equal the delicacy of this fearsome old lady, who wrote often, always in French, inviting the empress to Windsor or Osborne, or to her Scottish castles. Within a decade, Empress Eugnie had lost her Empire, her home, her husband, and her only son, Prince Imperial Louis-Napolon. Always practical, Eugnie installed a wireless on her yacht, as well as electric light and a telephone at Farnborough Hill. But, as butterflies do, I still feel I must fly towards the sun. We know that she was attracted to the surrounding landscape, which reminded her of the imperial palace at Compigne, and we know that she referred to the house as her cottage, which has echoes of Marie-Antoinette at the Petit Trianon. Another English friend, loyal if scarcely close, was the general who had gone to South Africa with her, and who often came to play tennis at Farnborough Hill in top hat, frock-coat and white flannel trousers. Farnborough Aerodrome was at the forefront of aviation advances throughout the 20th century - pioneering the first powered flight in Britain in 1908 - and the biennial Farnborough International Airshow is a worldwide attraction, putting this quaint Hampshire town well and truly on the global map. Preview and subscribe here. They had struck up a friendship in 1855 when Victoria and Albert invited the Imperial couple on a state visit to Britain. It was her last and most effective intervention in foreign affairs. The Grand Salon, however, was completely re-cast by Destailleurs son Walter, also an architect, in the first decade of the 20th century. Her qualities were even likened to Queen Victoria, possessed by no other Empress or Queen of the period. Designed by Gabriel Destailleur, this Victorian Gothic abbey built close to the Empresss residence takes after Hautecombe Abbey, the monastic establishment dedicated to Saint Michael not far from Lac du Bourget where the Princes of Savoy are buried. The collection itself included large numbers of modern works purchased in 1850s and 1860s at the Paris Salon or universal exhibitions, together with important family portraits. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',158,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Her courage was also displayed when she and Napoleon survived an assassination attempt in 1858 on the way to the opera. A favourite anecdote of the period was when Eugnie met two orphaned children, and she replied that she would adopt and provide for them. . During her lifetime, Eugnie was known as the 'Empress of Fashion' of the 19th century. Photographs by Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. She particularly loved the style of 18th century France and took Marie-Antoinette as her role model. The Empress is also buried there. 186 She immediately transferred ownership of the building to a religious community, the members of which, in return, were duty-bound to offer intercessory masses for the imperial dead. The illustration accompanied a lengthy essay on construction, in which the vaults at La Fert-Bernard were described as the final expression of Gothic architecture. Towering folly at Liverpool Street Station. Viollet-le-Duc illustrated this in his celebrated Dictionnaire raisonn de larchitecture franaise, which had been published in instalments during the Second Empire. Empress Eugnie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting is an oil on canvas painting by the German artist Franz Xaver Winterhalter completed in 1855. He had settled in Croydon, supporting himself by writing until he went blind, and left a book to be published after Eugnies death Souvenirs sur lImpratrice Eugnie. Within a decade, Empress Eugnie had lost her Empire, her home, her husband, and her only son, Prince Imperial Louis-Napolon. In 1994, The Religious of Christian Education transferred ownership to The Farnborough Hill Trust and the School is now under lay management. The crossing reveals itself as one moves westwards through the building. Her charitability, courage, and benevolenceif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thesocialtalks_com-box-4','ezslot_6',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thesocialtalks_com-box-4-0'); As a foreign Empress, Eugnie was not initially very popular with the French following her marriage to Napoleon III in 1853. Eugnie continued to encourage girls education and political independence in the last years of her life in England, lending her support to the suffrage movement. Nonetheless, although she attended a monthly requiem Mass in the church, besides the great requiems on each anniversary, normally she preferred to hear Mass in the private chapel at Farnborough Hill. A lesbian (and a future admirer of Virginia Woolf), Ethel would cycle to Farnborough Hill in tweed knickerbockers, changing into a dress in the shrubbery. They purchased the house at Farnborough Hill in 1927 and commissioned Adrian Gilbert Scott to design additional school buildings which included the stunning School Chapel. The interior is serenely beautiful and immensely grand, owing to the consistent use of internal masonry, the elegant simplicity of the moulded piers, and moving from west to east the magisterial succession of elaborate vaulting types. 1837, for his brand, which remains today. For other uses, see Empress Eugenie (disambiguation). They had struck up a friendship in 1855 when Victoria and Albert invited the Imperial couple on a state visit to Britain. On Queen Victorias instructions a British general accompanied her, Sir Evelyn Wood, together with two of the princes closest brother officers, Lieutenants Bigge and Slade of the Royal Artillery, while at Capetown she was the guest of the governor, Sir Bartle Frere. The collection included many precious items, including furniture dating from the First Empire and previously housed in the state apartments at Fontainebleau, as well as an important sequence of Gobelins tapestries, originally made for Louis XV at Marly and showing scenes from Cervantess Don Quixote (today in Richmond, Virginia, US). This splendidly sombre space is entered via a large porch at the back of the church and down a flight of steps that evokes the open crypt at Les Invalides. The eyes remained a heavenly blue although their keenness had been diluted, observed Cocteau. Indeed, the sight of the Mausoleum, with its lofty dome rising through the pine trees of Hampshire, is one of the great unknown views of England. She was also an incredibly inspiring, modern woman, paving the way for many of the 21, As a foreign Empress, Eugnie was not initially very popular with the French following her marriage to Napoleon III in 1853. Inside the house, she created a museum-like display that recounted the history of the Bonaparte dynasty from the rise of Napoleon Bona-parte, her husbands uncle, up to the death of the Prince Imperial, her only son, in 1879. The Mausoleum stands to the south of the house, on the brow of a hill close by. One of the main reasons why Eugnie moved to Farnborough was her wish to create a worthy resting place for the emperor and the Prince Imperial. Monks are still there and continue to offer prayers for the souls of dead Bonapartes. Even so, the journey meant a trek of several weeks through the veldt by wagon, sleeping in tents that were nearly blown away by storms. The Masoleum will be the subject of an article all its own next week. Despite the French crown jewels being put up for public auction in 1887, a large number of priceless possessions were restored to her. The name is formed from Ferneberga which means "fern hill". Since no doctor, British or French, had dared give chloroform to someone so frail, Eugnie remained half blind from cataracts. Quite what the Spanish-born Empress made of this is difficult to determine. The allusion to Spain is in the architecture, but it is easily missed, in view of the overtly French detail that we have just discussed. Her courage was also displayed when she and Napoleon survived an assassination attempt in 1858 on the way to the opera. By her death in 1920, British newspapers were almost unrelenting in their admiration for the ex-Empress Eugnie, praising her ability to face revolution and significant change, almost alone. She spent the night of the anniversary of Louiss death kneeling in prayer by the cross placed where he had fallen in the little valley when her candle flickered, she believed that he was there with her. Maurice Palologue first met Eugnie at the Htel Continental in 1901. In 1873, Napoleon III died following a gallstone operation, and then her son was tragically killed while fighting for the British in the Zululand in 1879. Farnborough Hill was the principal home of the Empress Eugnie, the Spanish widow of Napoleon III. These important objects became the cornerstone of the new interior at Farnborough. While her Republican enemies (those who would go on to overthrow the Second Empire and declare the Third Republic in 1870) would depict her as a violent agitator, those closer to her said she assumed the Regent role admirably,with grace and intelligence, political tact and a firm sense of justice, as written by Augustin Filon, who knew her personally (Recollections of the Empress Eugnie, A. Filon). The Abbey sits within the ample grounds of Farnborough Hill, a neo-gothic mansion first purchased by Eugnie from the Longman family in 1884. From the start she hoped fervently for the recovery of Alsace-Lorraine, and Ethel Smyth recalled what a comfort she was at dark moments, so sane and unshakeable was her faith in ultimate victory. Eugnie had been obliged to fight hard for the restitution of these treasures after 1870. Telephone: +44 (0)1252 546105, ext.211 Fax: +44 (0)1252 372822 Website: www.farnboroughabbey.org Print Return to top Share it Funeral of Empress Eugenie at Farnborough attended by Victor Bonaparte, Princess Clementine, the Queen of Spain, The King and Queen of England, 20 July 1920, press photograph BnF Gallica. It was conceived around the Don Quixote tapestries, three of which were hung opposite the windows. Eugnie was considered of too little social standing by some. Eugnies body still lies with those of Napoleon III and the Prince Imperial in the abbey crypt at Farnborough, where the monks continue to sing an annual requiem for their souls. Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house and a very 21st century future, The strangest museum in London? In 1881 the French authorities allowed her to travel through France so that she could attend the inauguration of a monument to Napoleon III in Milan. When war broke out in 1914, she donated her steam yacht Thistle to the British Navy and funded a military hospital at Farnborough Hill. The main reception rooms were at the north end of the gallery and were treated very differently. ", "Architectural historian Anthony Geraghty is the first scholar to treat the complex at Farnborough as a single entity, offering a careful dissection of the house, the collectionsinside and the mausoleum. Tags: Before death takes me, I should like to see my Castilian sky for a last time.. In accordance with Eugenies last wishes, on her death in 1920 she was buried above the main altar of the chapel in the crypt, flanked by the catafalcs of her husband and son in two side chapels. A promoter of girls education and political autonomy. You know how great are the affection and friendship which I feel for you, wrote the queen, and you will, I hope, understand that for a few hours I have been feeling anxious for you. Someone who still insisted on styling herself Empress Eugnie although never empress of the French might easily have joined Plon-Plon in the Conciergerie. These were a community of scholarly Benedictine monks led by Dom Cabrol, former prior of Solesmes, who had been forced to leave their native land by a growing climate of anticlericalism. The church has been restored, and monastic vocations are plentiful. In Eugnies day, it contained a series of state portraits by Grard, including the Empress Josphine in her coronation robes, and two display cases (today at Upton House, Warwickshire), which glistened with family treasure. (Palologues account of their meeting should be treated with caution.). In 1880, he was invited to revise his designs for a mausoleum at Chislehurst. His architect was H. E. Kendall Jnr (180585), a specialist in country houses and lunatic asylums. Eugnie (1826-1920) Empress of the French and wife of Napoleon III who, by her elegance and charm, contributed largely to the brilliancy of the imperial regime and showed calmness and courage in the face of the rising tide of revolution. The French paintings once contained at Farnborough were remarkable. The interior, however, was scrupulously based on early-Renaissance models. Anything she wore, such as the crinoline, was copied across Europe. In 1857, using money given to Eugnie as a wedding gift from the City of Paris, she established the Foundation Eugne Napolon, a boarding for impoverished French girls. The crowd at Louis-Napolons funeral was estimated to have been around 100,000. In 1880, the Empress Eugnie bought a house in Farnborough. She transformed his study into her day room, where she worked at a large desk that was covered with photos and decorated with French porcelain. the empress is a true Frenchwoman and a great one those who know her well refuse to see her as no more than the embodiment of the Second Empires elegance and glitter in reality she had been a convinced idealist in a cynically materialist society. She was invited to Austria in 1906, staying at Ischl. Afterwards Queen Victoria congratulated her on her courage. What impressed her most was the way betrayed, falsely accused, vilified the empress has attacked no one, nor uttered a single word in her own defence. The empress Eugnie - the Spanish-born last empress-consort of France, wife of Napoleon III, mother of the prince imperial - lived for the last 40 years of her life in Farnborough, between. The picturesque and historic surroundings give the School a firm sense of identity, providing a safe and stable environment where girls experience a happy atmosphere of friendship and support. We know that Destailleur was in Spain in 188081. The coffin was taken to the station in the king of Spains state coach, with an escort of halberdiers and footmen carrying tapers. This had six cabins but anybody unwise enough to accept an invitation to go for a cruise regretted it, since the boat rolled horribly. Speaking noticeably poor English with a strong accent she invariably dropped her hs Eugnie made comparatively few close English friends. Her judgement did not fail her Bigge ended as private secretary to King George V, who created him Lord Stamfordham. What interested her was that Miss Smyth was a composer and, always eager to overcome sex-prejudice, she did everything she could to further her career, even arranging for her to sing before Queen Victoria. As a result she thoroughly enjoyed herself, even going to a bullfight. Exiled from France in 1870, Napoleon III and his son lie buried in England at St Michaels Abbey, Farnborough, Hampshire. The little Catholic parish church at Chislehurst was obviously quite inadequate, and if the British had honoured the prince by placing a monument to him in St Georges Chapel, then in her view the French must do as well. There are two ideas running through the architecture of the upper church, one French, one Spanish. Eugnie, in full Eugnie, comtesse (countess) de Teba, original name Eugnia Mara de Montijo de Guzmn, (born May 5, 1826, Granada, Spaindied July 11, 1920, Madrid), wife of Napoleon III and empress of France (1853-70), who came to have an important influence on her husband's foreign policy. Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. These are also long gone and the room now connects to a refectory built on by the school. She was also an incredibly inspiring, modern woman, paving the way for many of the 21st Centurys social, educational, charitable, and fashionable standards. Clearly she had told him a good deal about herself, for example how in South Africa a smell of verbena led her to the place where her son had died it had been his favourite scent. Under Eugnie from 1881, the house was substantially renovated, its external and interior decoration modified, in a process akin to translation into a French idiom. Find out more. The Empress Eugnie in England Art, Architecture, Collecting Anthony Geraghty An exploration of the little-known assemblage of art and architecture that Empress Eugnie created in Farnborough in the 1880s. She took this in her stride and adapted commendably: her refurbishing of her Farnborough Home, Farnborough Hill, included all the latest gadgets, including electric lightbulbs and the telephone. She lived there from 1880 to 1920, and it was in Farnborough that she built a Mausoleum to receive the remains of her husband, the last Catholic sovereign of France, and her only child, the Prince Imperial, who was killed in 1879 when fighting with the British Army in the Zulu War. When Victoria died in 1901, it was an immense loss to Eugnie, and she grieved for the friend with whom she could speak freely about their life experiences. For her generosity, she was conferred the Order of the British Empire (GBE . Never waste time dramatising life, she warned him. To purchase a copy, please contact the School onschool@farnborough-hill.orgin the first instance. The design was modelled on the Romanesque crypt of Saint-Eutrope de Saintes, again via the pages of Viollet-le-Duc. At the abbey, he created a striking architectural composite and Geraghty excels in uncovering the allusions that added up to a patriotic statement about French cultures ability to absorb and refine diverse European precedents. Even so, Gutary reminded his readers that those most eager for war in 1870 had been the deputies and journalists of the left: Eugnie certainly possessed at least some French admirers among those still faithful to the dynasty. When Victoria died in 1901, it was an immense loss to Eugnie, and she grieved for the friend with whom she could speak freely about their life experiences. Eugnie became godmother to, and the namesake of, one of Victorias granddaughters. 'Told with exceptional scholarship, wit and humanity; the book itself is a ravishingly beautiful object' - World of Interiors 'Geraghty excels in uncovering the allusions that added up to a patriotic statement about French culture's ability to absorb and refine diverse European precedents' - Apollo 'Beautifully illustrated book reconstructs what the house, collections and mausoleum were like . These two rooms (which are today the school library) were originally connected by an internal door, and, with two other small rooms, formed Eugnies inner sanctum. On a more practical level, she wanted to be near Queen Victoria at Windsor, which was easily accessible by train. Eugnie extended the space northwards, bringing in much needed light, and she filled it with important pieces of 18th-century furniture that had previously belonged to Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon IIIs mother. Architects such as Destailleur were fascinated by periods of transition, none more so than the end of the Middle Ages and the beginnings of the Renaissance. Her last words were, I am tired it is time that I went on my way.. In Ethels memoirs Eugnie emerges as a delightful old lady, if also a fierce one, who when arguing would sometimes bang the table until the glasses rattled. Ive come home, she declared happily, and she even spoke of going up in an aeroplane at last when she got back to England, now that she could see properly again. The death of the Prince Imperial in 1879, aged 23, ended all hope of a Bonapartist restoration. She even went to the cinema. Eventually they left, leaving the abbey in a state of squalor. Despite a cut on her face and blood on her dress, the imperial couple arrived at the opera only slightly late. These were purchased during the Second Empire and displayed in the chapel at the Tuileries Palace in Paris. 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