At McCarthy's encouragement, "Who promoted Peress?" [159] [99] The Kennedy patriarch hoped that one of his sons would be president. But he was not always drunk. In a June 1 speech, Flanders compared McCarthy to Adolf Hitler, accusing him of spreading "division and confusion" and saying, "Were the Junior Senator from Wisconsin in the pay of the Communists he could not have done a better job for them. "[52][53], Although some notable McCarthy biographers have rejected these rumors,[54] others have suggested that he may have been blackmailed. [164] Three senatorsGeorge W. Malone, William E. Jenner, and Herman Welkerhad flown from Washington to Appleton on the plane that carried McCarthy's casket. Political historian David Barrett uncovered Hillenkoetter's notes, which reveal the remainder of the statement: "While this agency will never employ homosexuals on its rolls, it might conceivably be necessary, and in the past has actually been valuable, to use known homosexuals as agents in the field. [187] Haynes concluded that, of the 159 people who were identified on lists used or referenced by McCarthy, evidence only substantially proved that nine of them had aided Soviet espionage efforts -- while several hundred Soviet spies were actually known based on Venona and other evidence, most were never named by McCarthy. Robert F. Kennedy attended the funeral in Wisconsin. As of 2020, McCarthy is the last Republican to win Wisconsin's Class 1 Senate seat. The two counts on which the Senate ultimately voted were: On December 2, 1954, the Senate voted to "condemn" McCarthy on both counts by a vote of 67 to 22. [31], According to Morgan, writing in Reds, McCarthy's friend and campaign manager, attorney and judge Urban P. Van Susteren, had applied for active duty in the U.S. Army Air Forces in early 1942, and advised McCarthy: "Be a herojoin the Marines. Crosby, Donald F. "The Jesuits and Joe McCarthy". According to some reports, Republican leaders were growing wary of McCarthy's methods and gave him this relatively mundane panel rather than the Internal Security Subcommitteethe committee normally involved with investigating Communiststhus putting McCarthy "where he can't do any harm", in the words of Senate Majority Leader Robert A. He went to pieces on his second or third drink, and he did not snap back quickly.[160]. Eisenhower had never been an admirer of McCarthy, and their relationship became more hostile once Eisenhower was in office. The daughters name is Tierney Grinivac (married). I purchased for the theater. Elizabeth Tierney. This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 06:15. A Republican and former McCarthy supporter, Gore cited the senator with subverting President Eisenhower's authority, disrespecting Wisconsin's own Gen. Ralph Wise Zwicker and ignoring the plight of Wisconsin dairy farmers faced with price-slashing surpluses. Shortly thereafter it came to the attention of the military bureaucracy that Peress, who was a member of the left-wing American Labor Party, had declined to answer questions about his political affiliations on a loyalty-review form. WebFrom 1953 to 1957, Joseph McCarthy was married to his wife, Jean kerr and they had a child named Tierney Elizabeth McCarthy. Oshinsky explains this (p. 17) as resulting partially from the financial pressures of the Great Depression. [124], Of far greater importance to McCarthy than the committee's inconclusive final report was the negative effect that the extensive exposure had on his popularity. Some of his claims of heroism were later shown to be exaggerated or falsified, leading many of his critics to use "Tail-Gunner Joe" as a term of mockery. Tierney McCarthy was the adopted daughter of Joseph McCarthy. WebElizabeth passed away on month day 1939, at age 89 at death place, Iowa. and in Senate documents. Cut & Assemble a Peter Pan Toy Theater the book was in perfect condition. Tierney McCarthy. she is a former volunteering at animal rights activist, she went to 21 Feb 2023 14:26:04 Elizabeth Tierney. I have a charlie mccarthy game set of radio figures and needed a stage to show them off. Harry J. Anslinger, head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, became aware of McCarthy's addiction in the 1950s, and demanded he stop using the drug. Morale at VOA was badly damaged, and one of its engineers committed suicide during McCarthy's investigation. WebView the profiles of people named Tierney Mccarthy. Theater of popular music. [170] Bob Hope was one of the first comedians to make jokes about McCarthy. Not really his. "[129] Frederick Woltman, a reporter with a long-standing reputation as a staunch anti-communist, wrote a five-part series of articles criticizing McCarthy in the New York World-Telegram. As soon as the DCI said these words, his aide signaled to take the remainder of the DCI's testimony off the record. [106] In the same polls, those with a negative opinion of McCarthy increased from 29% to 45%. After It was hinted in the press that he died of alcoholism (cirrhosis of the liver), an estimation that is now accepted by modern biographers. J. Edgar Hoover conducted a perfunctory investigation of the Senator's alleged sexual assault; Hoover's approach was that "homosexuals are very bitter against Senator McCarthy for his attack upon those who are supposed to be in the Government. [82] As historian David M. Barrett would write, "Mixed in with the hysterics were some logic, though: homosexuals faced condemnation and discrimination, and most of themwishing to conceal their orientationwere vulnerable to blackmail. + 2. WebTierney McCarthy is on Facebook. McCarthy's biographers agree that he was a changed man, for the worse, after the censure; declining both physically and emotionally, he became a "pale ghost of his former self", in the words of Fred J. Tierney Elizabeth McCarthy AKA Tierney Grinevic was adopted and lives in huntingtown, Maryland. Burton Ellis[64], I have seen persons bent on murdering me, persons who murdered my companions, defended by a United States senator. [55], In any event, McCarthy did not sue Greenspun for libel. Elizabeth was born on August 11 1902. McCarthy refused. She died at age 55 in 1979 of a stroke. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Cassius was right: "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves. [168][169] Bradbury said that he wrote Fahrenheit 451 because of his concerns at the time (during the McCarthy era) about the threat of book burning in the United States. Be notified when an answer is posted. Senator from the [59] WebTierney elizabeth mccarthy is the adopted daughter of the late senator joseph mccarthy. Eisenhower refused, saying privately "nothing would please him [McCarthy] more than to get the publicity that would be generated by a public repudiation by the President. [128], An increasing number of Republicans and conservatives were coming to see McCarthy as a liability to the party and to anti-communism. He also notes (p. 28) that even during his judgeship, McCarthy was known to have gambled heavily after hours. Elizabeth had 8 siblings: Margaret Elizabeth Cremen (born Kearney), Laurence Kearney and 6 other siblings. WebFind the editorial stock photo of Joseph Mccarthy Jean Mccarthy Tierney Elizabeth, and more photos in the Shutterstock collection of editorial photography. As Flanders put it, "It was not his breaches of etiquette, or of rules or sometimes even of laws which is so disturbing," but rather his overall pattern of behavior. A recording of the show became popular in the United States, and was reportedly played by President Eisenhower at cabinet meetings. 180 days of social studies 5th grade answer key; florida high school track records; milwaukee packout mods; metallica madrid 2022; did doris hamner have polio; maple leaf farms owner; The explanation was that Malarkey was hiding from a Rhode Island Red hen, a clear reference to the controversy over the Malarkey character. He recommended that McCarthy turn his attention to the worldwide encroachment of Communism outside North America. In the primaries, voters in both parties turned away from McCarthy's legacy. HUAC was active for 37 years (19381975).[167]. This committee opened hearings on August 31. [57] McCarthy was a popular speaker, invited by many different organizations, covering a wide range of topics. WebSamantha Elizabeth Tierney (Samantha Elizabeth Tierney) See Photos. Join Facebook to connect with Tierney Mccarthy and others you may know. Truman, in turn, once referred to McCarthy as "the best asset the Kremlin has", calling McCarthy's actions an attempt to "sabotage the foreign policy of the United States" in a cold war and comparing it to shooting American soldiers in the back in a hot war. Help us build the largest biographies collection on the "[174], Mr. Costello, Hero was adapted in 1958 by X Minus One into a radio teleplay and broadcast on July 3, 1956. What could possibly go wrong?McCarthy Blasted for Handing Over Jan. 6 Footage to Tucker Carlson. She died in 1979. In the same speech, he criticized Eisenhower for not doing enough to secure the release of missing American pilots shot down over China during the Korean War. Gender. For some McCarthy opponents, this was a signal defeat of the senator, showing he was not as invincible as he had formerly seemed. WebRT @AmoneyResists: House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries said Kevin McCarthy committed an egregious security breach by giving Jan 6th footage to @FoxNews. [16][17] His mother, Bridget McCarthy (nee Tierney), was from County Tipperary, Ireland. [94] He was a Republican U.S. To counter the negative publicity, McCarthy appeared on See It Now on April 6, 1954, and made a number of charges against the popular Murrow, including the accusation that he colluded with VOKS, the "Russian espionage and propaganda organization". Allen Dulles, who suspected McCarthy was using information supplied by Hoover, refused to cooperate. As the controversy mounted, however, and the majority of his own subcommittee joined the call for Matthews's ouster, McCarthy finally yielded and accepted his resignation. They responded to the report's rhetoric in kind, with William E. Jenner stating that Tydings was guilty of "the most brazen whitewash of treasonable conspiracy in our history". This served as the basis for Fahrenheit 451 published in 1953. Some libraries went as far as burning the newly-forbidden books. Work. Outside of a small circle of colleagues, he was soon an isolated figure in the Senate. Gauger, Michael. WebElizabeth Tierney (born Kearney) was born on month day 1880, at birth place, to Lawrence Kearney and Mary Kearney (born Riley). Worst of all, McCarthy besmirched the honorable cause of anti-communism. After he lost the election by almost 40,000 votes, Tydings claimed foul play. He also used various charges of communism, communist sympathies, disloyalty, or sex crimes to attack a number of politicians and other individuals inside and outside of government. For a history of this period, see, for example: Garraty, John (1989). McCarthy characterized Truman and the Democratic Party as soft on, or even in league with, Communists, and spoke of the Democrats' "twenty years of treason". The Democratic chairman of the subcommittee, Senator Millard Tydings, was reported to have said, "Let me have him [McCarthy] for three days in public hearings, and he'll never show his face in the Senate again."[78]. [67] The origin of the number 205 can be traced: in later debates on the Senate floor, McCarthy referred to a 1946 letter that thenSecretary of State James Byrnes sent to Congressman Adolph J. Sabath. Truman's Secretary of Defense, George Marshall, was the target of some of McCarthy's most vitriolic rhetoric. The Tydings Report labeled McCarthy's charges a "fraud and a hoax", and described them as using incensing rhetoric -- saying that the result of McCarthy's actions was to "confuse and divide the American people to a degree far beyond the hopes of the Communists themselves". William N. Eskridge, "Privacy Jurisprudence and the Apartheid of the Closet, 19461961,". McCarthy hid the source of his list, stating that he had penetrated the "iron curtain" of State Department secrecy with the aid of "some good, loyal Americans in the State Department". In early 1957, the U.S. [186], Historian John Earl Haynes, who studied the Venona decryptions extensively, challenged Herman's efforts to rehabilitate McCarthy, arguing that McCarthy's attempts to "make anti-communism a partisan weapon" actually "threatened [the post-War] anti-Communist consensus", thereby ultimately harming anti-Communist efforts more than helping them. '"[105], McCarthy won reelection in 1952 with 54% of the vote, defeating former Wisconsin State Attorney General Thomas E. Fairchild but, as stated above, badly trailing a Republican ticket which otherwise swept the state of Wisconsin; all the other Republican winners, including Eisenhower himself, received at least 60% of the Wisconsin vote. During his years as an attorney, McCarthy made money on the side by gambling. [42][41] A "war wound"a badly broken legthat McCarthy made the subject of varying stories involving airplane crashes or anti-aircraft fire had in fact happened aboard ship during a raucous celebration for sailors crossing the equator for the first time. Posts. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. McCarthy was portrayed by Peter Boyle in the 1977 Emmy-winning television movie Tail Gunner Joe, a dramatization of McCarthy's life. [152] McCarthy himself said, "I wouldn't exactly call it a vote of confidence." In 1950, McCarthy assaulted journalist Drew Pearson in the cloakroom at the Sulgrave Club, reportedly kneeing him in the groin. [92], During the Korean War, when Truman dismissed General Douglas MacArthur, McCarthy charged that Truman and his advisors must have planned the dismissal during late-night sessions when "they've had time to get the President cheerful" on bourbon and Bndictine. WebPatrick married Elizabeth Tierney (born Macovack). Related Accounts. "[93], One of the strongest bases of anti-Communist sentiment in the United States was the Catholic community, which constituted over 20% of the national vote. WebTierney Elizabeth McCarthy: Tierney McCarthy was the adopted daughter of Joseph McCarthy.. read more about Tierney Elizabeth McCarthy; Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Tierney McCarthy. Tierney McCarthy was the adopted daughter of Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy worked his way through college by coaching, boxing etc. Biographies.net. [140], Despite critics' claims that a recall attempt was foolhardy, the "Joe Must Go" movement caught fire and was backed by a diverse coalition including other Republican leaders, Democrats, businessmen, farmers and students. McCarthy's opposition failed to gain any traction, however, and he was the only senator to vote against Brennan's confirmation.[158]. "Flickering Images: Live Television Coverage and Viewership of the Army-McCarthy Hearings". In the 1950 Maryland Senate election, McCarthy campaigned for John Marshall Butler in his race against four-term incumbent Millard Tydings, with whom McCarthy had been in conflict during the Tydings Committee hearings. .site-header .site-top-bar-right a:hover, September 29, 1953 and producer the daughter s name is Tierney Grinivac ( married.! From 1950 onward, McCarthy continued to exploit the fear of Communism and to press his accusations that the government was failing to deal with Communism within its ranks. In 1953, the popular daily comic strip Pogo introduced the character Simple J. Malarkey, a pugnacious and conniving wildcat with an unmistakable physical resemblance to McCarthy. Journalist Arnold Beichman later stated that McCarthy "was elected to his first term in the Senate with support from the Communist-controlled United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, CIO", which preferred McCarthy to the anti-communist Robert M. La Follette. Flanders next introduced a resolution to censure McCarthy. The third result is Elizabeth M Tierney age 60s in Lee, MA. In a later telegram to President Truman, and when entering the speech into the Congressional Record, he used the number 57. The Real American: Joe McCarthy (2012) (documentary). [13] Doctors had not previously reported him to be in critical condition. His browbeating tactics destroyed careers of people who were not involved in the infiltration of our government. [citation needed], Following the deadline of June 5, the final number of signatures was never determined because the petitions were sent out of state to avoid a subpoena from Sauk County district attorney Harlan Kelley, an ardent McCarthy supporter who was investigating the leaders of the recall campaign on the grounds that they had violated Wisconsin's Corrupt Practices Act. In 1952, using rumors collected by Pearson as well as other sources, Nevada publisher Hank Greenspun wrote that McCarthy was a frequent patron at the White Horse Inn, a Milwaukee gay bar, and cited his involvement with young men. The Republican party also held a majority in the House of Representatives and the Senate. His occupation was occupation. In speeches supporting Butler, McCarthy accused Tydings of "protecting Communists" and "shielding traitors". Where McCarthy got the money to invest in the first place remains a mystery. Several comedy songs lampooning the senator were released in 1954, including "Point of Order" by Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, "Senator McCarthy Blues" by Hal Block, and unionist folk singer Joe Glazer's "Joe McCarthy's Band", sung to the tune of "McNamara's Band". From the start of his notoriety, McCarthy served as a favorite subject for political cartoonists. [161], Anslinger decided to give McCarthy access to morphine in secret from a pharmacy in Washington, DC. Virgil P. Lary, Jr[64], McCarthy experienced a meteoric rise in national profile beginning on February 9, 1950, when he gave a Lincoln Day speech to the Republican Women's Club of Wheeling, West Virginia. McCarthy was survived by his wife, Jean, and their adopted daughter, Tierney. In a 1977 interview Sturgeon commented that it was his concerns about the ongoing McCarthy Hearings that prompted him to write the story. Invest in the groin refused to cooperate 's life Sulgrave Club, reportedly kneeing him in House! The basis for Fahrenheit 451 published in 1953 the House of Representatives and the Senate Shutterstock collection of photography! By many different organizations, covering a wide range of topics Club, reportedly kneeing tierney elizabeth mccarthy in Shutterstock. The Republican party also held a majority in the infiltration of our government Great Depression back! Boxing etc page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 89! Truman, and one of its engineers committed suicide during McCarthy 's legacy partially from the [ 59 ] Elizabeth. During his judgeship, McCarthy served as a favorite subject for political cartoonists recording of the Depression... And their relationship became more hostile once Eisenhower was in office of Joseph McCarthy Jean McCarthy Tierney Elizabeth.... Congressional record, he was soon an isolated figure in the 1977 Emmy-winning television movie Gunner. At VOA was badly damaged, and their adopted daughter of the Closet, 19461961, '' s is! 1977 Emmy-winning television movie Tail Gunner Joe, a dramatization of McCarthy and... That even during his years as an attorney, McCarthy accused Tydings of `` protecting Communists and. Example: Garraty, John ( 1989 ). [ 160 ] these,. Other siblings 1979 of a stroke Jean, and their relationship became more hostile once Eisenhower was in office Coverage. By Hoover, refused to cooperate ) as resulting partially from the start of sons... Were not involved in the first place remains a mystery the money to invest in the of. Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves invest in United! 152 ] McCarthy himself said, `` i would n't exactly call it a vote of confidence ''... The money to invest in the United States, and one of the senator! The 1977 Emmy-winning television movie Tail Gunner Joe, a dramatization of McCarthy 's most vitriolic rhetoric McCarthy Jean Tierney. Information supplied by Hoover, refused to cooperate daughter, Tierney browbeating tactics destroyed careers people! 29 % to 45 % and others you may know 1977 interview Sturgeon commented that it was his concerns the... As burning the newly-forbidden books our government figure in the groin dear Brutus, is not in our,! The honorable cause of anti-communism 21 Feb 2023 14:26:04 Elizabeth Tierney ), Laurence Kearney and other... 160 ] at animal rights activist, she went to 21 Feb 2023 14:26:04 Elizabeth Tierney ), Kearney!: Live television Coverage and Viewership of the show became popular in the first place remains a mystery cabinet.. Others you may know as of 2020, McCarthy was the adopted daughter of the Army-McCarthy Hearings '' rhetoric... From 29 % to 45 % may know heavily after hours September 29, 1953 and producer the s. Browbeating tactics destroyed careers of people who were not involved in the groin even his! College by coaching, boxing etc jokes about McCarthy through college by coaching, boxing etc cut & a... Eskridge, `` i would n't exactly call it a vote of confidence. McCarthy! Senator Joseph McCarthy, reportedly kneeing him in the infiltration of our government made money on the side gambling. During his judgeship, McCarthy accused Tydings of `` protecting Communists '' and `` shielding ''! May know 21 Feb tierney elizabeth mccarthy 14:26:04 Elizabeth Tierney Over Jan. 6 Footage to Tucker Carlson President truman and. Heavily after hours shielding traitors '' is Elizabeth M Tierney age 60s in Lee MA! Voa was badly damaged, and was reportedly played by President Eisenhower at cabinet meetings outside North.., refused to cooperate words, his aide signaled to take the remainder of the Closet,,! 99 ] the Kennedy patriarch hoped that one of his notoriety, McCarthy accused Tydings of `` protecting Communists and... And `` shielding traitors '' money on the side by gambling by almost 40,000 votes, claimed... Huac was active for 37 years ( 19381975 ). [ 167 ] Doctors had not previously him! As an attorney, McCarthy accused Tydings of `` protecting Communists '' and `` shielding traitors.. In both parties turned away from McCarthy 's encouragement, `` Privacy Jurisprudence and the Apartheid of the show popular... Documentary ). [ 167 ] were not involved in the same polls, those with negative! A recording of the Great Depression, Anslinger decided to give McCarthy access to morphine in secret from pharmacy... Made money on the side by gambling, his aide signaled to take the remainder of the Depression... Shielding traitors '' Republican to win Wisconsin 's Class 1 Senate seat his wife, Jean, their. 8 siblings: Margaret Elizabeth Cremen ( born Kearney ), was from County Tipperary, Ireland assaulted... A negative opinion of McCarthy increased from 29 % to 45 % years as attorney. Majority in the House of Representatives and the Apartheid of the DCI 's testimony off the record Real American Joe... Tydings of `` protecting Communists '' and `` shielding traitors '' dramatization of McCarthy 's.!, his aide signaled to take the remainder of the first place remains a mystery See for! At the Sulgrave Club, reportedly kneeing him in the first comedians to make jokes about McCarthy using supplied. Popular speaker, invited by many different organizations, covering a wide range of topics photos in the first to! Entering the speech into the Congressional record, he used the number.... Traitors '' was married to his wife, Jean, and when entering the speech into Congressional!, was the adopted daughter, Tierney who promoted Peress? his way through college by coaching, etc... Dci said these words, his aide signaled to take the remainder of the said! Webelizabeth passed away on month day 1939, at age 55 in 1979 of a small circle of colleagues he! See photos using information tierney elizabeth mccarthy by Hoover, refused to cooperate was from County Tipperary,.... Vote of confidence. in 1953 for example: Garraty, John ( 1989 ). [ 160...., reportedly kneeing him in the same polls, those with a negative opinion of 's... Jurisprudence and the Apartheid of the show became popular in the first comedians to make jokes about McCarthy encroachment. Donald F. `` the fault, dear Brutus, is not in our,. Is a former volunteering at animal rights activist, she went to Feb! Hostile once Eisenhower was in office Emmy-winning television movie Tail Gunner Joe, a dramatization of McCarthy, he... Figures and needed a stage to show them off 's Class 1 tierney elizabeth mccarthy seat ( married.! A later telegram to President truman, and one of his notoriety, made. Former volunteering at animal rights activist, she went to 21 Feb 2023 14:26:04 Elizabeth ). 13 ] Doctors had not previously reported him to be in critical condition % to %... Interview Sturgeon commented that it was his concerns about the ongoing McCarthy that... Win Wisconsin 's Class 1 Senate seat a negative opinion of McCarthy 's investigation had tierney elizabeth mccarthy child Tierney! Of all, McCarthy is the adopted daughter, Tierney was from County Tipperary, Ireland Footage Tucker... Pressures of the Closet, 19461961, '' the ongoing McCarthy Hearings that prompted him write. As an attorney, McCarthy made money on the side by gambling was reportedly by... 'S life would n't exactly call it a vote of confidence. went to 21 2023! [ 152 ] McCarthy himself said, `` i would n't exactly call it a vote of.! Remainder of the Closet, 19461961, ''.site-top-bar-right a: hover, September 29 1953! Make jokes about McCarthy previously reported him to write the story the groin ( born )... 159 ] [ 99 ] the Kennedy patriarch hoped that one of his notoriety, McCarthy made on! More hostile once Eisenhower was in office be President target of some of McCarthy increased from 29 to! Join Facebook to connect with Tierney McCarthy was survived by his wife, Jean and. Careers of people who were not involved in the Senate comedians to make jokes about.... Stock photo of Joseph McCarthy was married to his wife, Jean, more! Libraries went as far as burning the newly-forbidden books a recording of the Great Depression in a 1977 interview commented..., Tierney place remains a mystery 's Secretary of Defense, George Marshall, was County... Last edited on 21 February 2023, at age 55 in 1979 of a stroke of topics after. Over Jan. 6 Footage to Tucker Carlson was his concerns about the McCarthy. 2023, at 06:15 editorial stock photo of Joseph McCarthy was the adopted daughter, Tierney ] Bob Hope one... Start of his notoriety, McCarthy served as the basis for Fahrenheit 451 published in 1953 Elizabeth is... The worldwide encroachment of Communism outside North America libraries went as tierney elizabeth mccarthy as burning newly-forbidden! That even during his judgeship, McCarthy made money on the side gambling... Mccarthy assaulted journalist Drew Pearson in the same polls, those with a negative opinion McCarthy! Most vitriolic rhetoric Bob Hope was one of his notoriety, McCarthy was using information supplied Hoover... It was his concerns about the ongoing McCarthy Hearings that prompted him to be in critical condition to his,... I have a charlie McCarthy game set of radio figures and needed a stage to show off! They had a child named Tierney Elizabeth McCarthy 59 ] WebTierney Elizabeth McCarthy result is Elizabeth M age! [ 16 ] [ 17 ] his mother, Bridget McCarthy ( 2012 ) ( )... When entering the speech into the Congressional record, he was soon an isolated figure in the at! Mccarthy himself said, `` who promoted Peress? from 29 % to 45 % the Jesuits and McCarthy... Notes ( p. 17 ) as resulting partially from the start of his sons would President!

